Real-time control of combined sewer systems: Risks associated with uncertainties

Model Predictive Control (MPC) of combined sewer systems can reduce environmental degradation caused by uncontrolled overflows. However, practical uncertainties are often neglected when assessing the potential MPC strategies. This paper aims to understand risks associated with using a non-perfect internal MPC-model, real precipitation forecast, and realistic dynamic system capacity fluctuations. An objective total overflow (CSO) volume was implemented in case study Eindhoven Netherlands where highly sensitive waterways receive Two types were identified: relative performance loss operative deterioration. The former entails decrease efficacy controlling CSO spills compared theoretical situation, whereas latter describes aggravation pollution static form operation. results obtained demonstrate that forecast uncertainty is small loss. Opposite this, significant observed as consequence model actual available. additional overflows statically optimised control for smaller events.